{ "name": "Vastoscope Scale Landmark Catalog", "version": "3.5.1", "release_date": "2026-07-25", "description": "A curated catalog of 121 source-backed linear scale landmarks normalized to SI metres.", "objects": [ { "id": "planck-length", "name": "Planck length", "short": "Planck length", "metres": 1.616255e-35, "display": "1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ m", "exponent": -34.79149, "realm": "Quantum", "realm_copy": "The limit of measurement and atomic nuclei", "realm_accent": "#9b8cff", "realm_accent_2": "#39d8ff", "domain": "Fundamental physics", "category": "Fundamental physics", "measure_kind": "scale", "measure_label": "reference length scale", "family": "limit", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "quantum", "accent": "#9b8cff", "description": "A fundamental length scale built from physical constants, not a tiny bead waiting to be photographed.", "fact": "The observable universe spans roughly sixty-two orders of magnitude beyond this scale.", "source_label": "NIST CODATA", "source_url": 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"image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Proton", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/proton.png" }, { "id": "uranium-nucleus", "name": "Uranium nucleus", "short": "Uranium nucleus", "metres": 1.5e-14, "display": "≈15 fm", "exponent": -13.823909, "realm": "Quantum", "realm_copy": "The limit of measurement and atomic nuclei", "realm_accent": "#9b8cff", "realm_accent_2": "#39d8ff", "domain": "Fundamental physics", "category": "Fundamental physics", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative nuclear diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "quantum", "accent": "#b79aff", "description": "One of the largest naturally occurring atomic nuclei, still vastly smaller than the atom around it.", "fact": "Most of an atom is not occupied by its nucleus.", "source_label": "NIST CODATA", "source_url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 3, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/uranium-nucleus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/uranium-nucleus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/nucleus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "nucleus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nucleus_drawing.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Uranium nucleus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/uranium-nucleus.png" }, { "id": "hydrogen-atom", "name": "Hydrogen atom", "short": "Hydrogen atom", "metres": 1.06e-10, "display": "≈106 pm", "exponent": -9.974694, "realm": "Molecular", "realm_copy": "Atoms, molecules and molecular machines", "realm_accent": "#53d9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#74f0bc", "domain": "Atomic physics", "category": "Atomic physics", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative atomic diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "atom", "accent": "#70cfff", "description": "The simplest atom: one proton surrounded by a quantum probability cloud for one electron.", "fact": "About ten million hydrogen atoms fit across one millimetre.", "source_label": "NIST CODATA", "source_url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 4, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/hydrogen-atom-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/hydrogen-atom-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/hydrogen-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "hydrogen", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_1.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Hydrogen atom", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/hydrogen-atom.png" }, { "id": "water-molecule", "name": "Water molecule", "short": "Water molecule", "metres": 2.75e-10, "display": "≈0.275 nm", "exponent": -9.560667, "realm": "Molecular", "realm_copy": "Atoms, molecules and molecular machines", "realm_accent": "#53d9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#74f0bc", "domain": "Molecular biology", "category": "Molecular biology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative molecular span", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "molecule", "accent": "#5ae0ef", "description": "Two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom form the bent molecule that shapes life on Earth.", "fact": "A line of roughly 3.6 million water molecules reaches one millimetre.", "source_label": "NIH / NCBI Bookshelf", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 5, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/water-molecule-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/water-molecule-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/water-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "water", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:H2O_2D_labelled.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Water molecule", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/water-molecule.png" }, { "id": "glucose-molecule", "name": "Glucose molecule", "short": "Glucose", "metres": 1.0e-9, "display": "≈1 nm", "exponent": -9, "realm": "Molecular", "realm_copy": "Atoms, molecules and molecular machines", "realm_accent": "#53d9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#74f0bc", "domain": "Molecular biology", "category": "Molecular biology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative molecular span", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "molecule", "accent": "#68e6af", "description": "A compact sugar molecule used by cells as a readily available source of chemical energy.", "fact": "It is around five hundred million times smaller than a football.", "source_label": "NIH / NCBI Bookshelf", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 6, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/glucose-molecule-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/glucose-molecule-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/glucose-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "glucose", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Glucose molecule", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/glucose-molecule.png" }, { "id": "dna-double-helix", "name": "DNA double helix", "short": "DNA helix", "metres": 2.0e-9, "display": "≈2 nm wide", "exponent": -8.69897, "realm": "Molecular", "realm_copy": "Atoms, molecules and molecular machines", "realm_accent": "#53d9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#74f0bc", "domain": "Genetics", "category": "Genetics", "measure_kind": "width", "measure_label": "double-helix width", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "helix", "accent": "#62f1d2", "description": "The molecular ladder that carries genetic instructions is only a few atoms wide.", "fact": "The DNA in one human cell can stretch close to two metres when unpacked.", "source_label": "National Human Genome Research Institute", "source_url": "https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 7, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/dna-double-helix-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/dna-double-helix-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/dna-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "dna", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_Structure+Key+Labelled.pn_NoBB.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for DNA double helix", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/dna-double-helix.png" }, { "id": "antibody", "name": "Antibody", "short": "Antibody", "metres": 1.0e-8, "display": "≈10 nm", "exponent": -8, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", "realm_accent": "#ff6f91", "realm_accent_2": "#f4cc69", "domain": "Immunology", "category": "Immunology", "measure_kind": "span", "measure_label": "representative molecular span", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "molecule", "accent": "#ffd36d", "description": "A Y-shaped protein that recognizes molecular features with extraordinary precision.", "fact": "Thousands could fit across the width of a human hair.", "source_label": "NIH / NCBI Bookshelf", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 8, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/antibody-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/antibody-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/antibody-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "antibody", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antibody.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Fvasconcellos / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "Public domain", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Antibody", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/antibody.png" }, { "id": "circovirus", "name": "Circovirus", "short": "Small virus", "metres": 2.0e-8, "display": "≈20 nm", "exponent": -7.69897, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", "realm_accent": "#ff6f91", "realm_accent_2": "#f4cc69", "domain": "Virology", "category": "Virology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative virion diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "virus", "accent": "#ff8a9a", "description": "Among the smallest known animal viruses, built from a compact protein shell and genetic material.", "fact": "It is smaller than many cellular protein-making machines.", "source_label": "CDC", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 9, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/circovirus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/circovirus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/circovirus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "circovirus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circovirus_virion.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Circovirus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/circovirus.png" }, { "id": "ribosome", "name": "Ribosome", "short": "Ribosome", "metres": 2.5e-8, "display": "≈25 nm", "exponent": -7.60206, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", "realm_accent": "#ff6f91", "realm_accent_2": "#f4cc69", "domain": "Cell biology", "category": "Cell biology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative ribosome diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "ribosome", "accent": "#f5a6ff", "description": "A molecular factory that reads genetic instructions and assembles proteins amino acid by amino acid.", "fact": "A single living cell may contain millions of ribosomes.", "source_label": "NIH / NCBI Bookshelf", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 10, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ribosome-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ribosome-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ribosome-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ribosome", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ribosome_shape.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Ribosome", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ribosome.png" }, { "id": "coronavirus", "name": "Coronavirus particle", "short": "Coronavirus", "metres": 1.0e-7, "display": "≈100 nm", "exponent": -7, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", "realm_accent": "#ff6f91", "realm_accent_2": "#f4cc69", "domain": "Virology", "category": "Virology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative virion diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "virus", "accent": "#ff6e83", "description": "A membrane-wrapped virus particle whose crown-like proteins inspired the coronavirus name.", "fact": "About eight hundred fit across an average human hair.", "source_label": "CDC", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 11, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/coronavirus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/coronavirus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/coronavirus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "coronavirus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Belouzard et al. / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "CC BY 3.0; attribution applies", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Coronavirus particle", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/coronavirus.png" }, { "id": "bacteriophage-t4", "name": "T4 bacteriophage", "short": 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end-to-end span one millimetre.", "source_label": "NIH / NCBI Bookshelf", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 13, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/bacterium-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/bacterium-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/bacteria-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "bacteria", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Bacterium", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/bacterium.png" }, { "id": "red-blood-cell", "name": "Red blood cell", "short": "Blood cell", "metres": 8.0e-6, "display": "≈8 µm", "exponent": -5.09691, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", 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"/assets/img/objects/yeast-cell-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/yeast-cell-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/yeast-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "yeast", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Yeast cell", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/yeast-cell.png" }, { "id": "human-cell", "name": "Human cell", "short": "Human cell", "metres": 2.0e-5, "display": "≈20 µm", "exponent": -4.69897, "realm": "Cellular", "realm_copy": "Viruses, cells and the edge of sight", "realm_accent": "#ff6f91", "realm_accent_2": "#f4cc69", "domain": "Human biology", "category": "Human biology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative cell diameter", 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contains structures from metre scale down to molecules and atoms.", "source_label": "World Health Organization", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/GHO/height-and-weight", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 33, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/human-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/human-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/human-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "human", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Leonardo da Vinci / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "Public-domain artwork; faithful reproduction marked public domain in the United States — see source page for jurisdiction note", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Adult human", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/human.png" }, { "id": "ostrich", "name": "Ostrich", "short": "Ostrich", "metres": 2.4, "display": "≈2.4 m", "exponent": 0.380211, "realm": "Familiar", "realm_copy": "Objects, bodies and everyday life", "realm_accent": "#f5c66c", "realm_accent_2": "#69d8b2", "domain": "Animals", "category": "Animals", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "representative standing height", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "bird", "accent": "#d9c69a", "description": "The tallest living bird, with most of its height carried by powerful legs and a long neck.", "fact": "A large ostrich can look down on most adult humans.", "source_label": "Smithsonian Institution", "source_url": "https://www.si.edu/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 34, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ostrich-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ostrich-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ostrich-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ostrich", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Struthio_camelus_-_Etosha_2014_(3).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Ostrich", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ostrich.png" }, { "id": "car", "name": "2025 Toyota Corolla", "short": "Family car", "metres": 4.6355, "display": "4.64 m", "exponent": 0.666097, "realm": "Familiar", "realm_copy": "Objects, bodies and everyday life", "realm_accent": "#f5c66c", "realm_accent_2": "#69d8b2", "domain": "Machines", "category": "Machines", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "overall vehicle length", "family": "object", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "vehicle", "accent": "#68a6ff", "description": "A current family sedan whose published overall length anchors the transition from bodies to engineered systems.", "fact": "A full-size school bus is about two and a half Corolla lengths.", "source_label": "Toyota 2025 Corolla specifications", "source_url": "https://www.toyota.com/content/dam/toyota/brochures/pdf/2025/corolla_ebrochure.pdf", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 35, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/car-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/car-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/car-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "car", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Corolla_Hybrid_(E210)_IMG_4338.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for 2025 Toyota Corolla", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/car.png" }, { "id": "giraffe", "name": "Giraffe", "short": "Giraffe", "metres": 5.5, "display": "≈5.5 m", "exponent": 0.740363, "realm": "Familiar", "realm_copy": "Objects, bodies and everyday life", "realm_accent": "#f5c66c", "realm_accent_2": "#69d8b2", "domain": "Animals", "category": "Animals", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "representative standing height", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "animal", "accent": "#e5bd69", "description": "The tallest living land animal, raising its eyes above many ground-floor windows.", "fact": "Its legs alone can be taller than an adult human.", "source_label": "Smithsonian Institution", "source_url": "https://www.si.edu/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 36, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/giraffe-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/giraffe-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/giraffe-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "giraffe", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giraffe_Mikumi_National_Park.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Giraffe", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/giraffe.png" }, { "id": "african-elephant", "name": "African bush elephant", "short": "Elephant", "metres": 6.5, "display": "≈6.5 m long", "exponent": 0.812913, "realm": "Familiar", "realm_copy": "Objects, bodies and everyday life", "realm_accent": "#f5c66c", "realm_accent_2": "#69d8b2", "domain": "Animals", "category": "Animals", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative body length", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "animal", "accent": "#adb6c0", "description": "The largest living land animal, measured from trunk base through its massive body.", "fact": "Even a school bus is not quite twice as long.", "source_label": "Smithsonian Institution", "source_url": "https://www.si.edu/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 37, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/african-elephant-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/african-elephant-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/elephant-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "elephant", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:178_Male_African_bush_elephant_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for African bush elephant", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/african-elephant.png" }, { "id": "school-bus", "name": "School bus", "short": "School bus", "metres": 12.192, "display": "≈12.2 m", "exponent": 1.086075, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Machines", "category": "Machines", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative full-size bus length", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "vehicle", "accent": "#ffd34e", "description": "A full-size school bus, useful as a measuring stick for dinosaurs, whales and buildings.", "fact": "A forty-foot bus is almost seven representative adult heights long.", "source_label": "Blue Bird All American brochure", "source_url": "https://www.blue-bird.com/sdm_downloads/all-american-brochure/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 38, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/school-bus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/school-bus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/schoolbus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "schoolbus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IC_CE_school_bus_(shortened_chassis).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for School bus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/school-bus.png" }, { "id": "tyrannosaurus-rex", "name": "Tyrannosaurus rex", "short": "T. rex", "metres": 12.3, "display": "≈12.3 m", "exponent": 1.089905, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Palaeontology", "category": "Palaeontology", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative body length", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "animal", "accent": "#d8855f", "description": "A large adult tyrannosaur, reconstructed from fossils rather than measured as one fixed specimen.", "fact": "Its length was comparable to a full-size school bus.", "source_label": "Smithsonian Institution", "source_url": "https://www.si.edu/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 39, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/tyrannosaurus-rex-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/tyrannosaurus-rex-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/trex-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "trex", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyrannosaurus_Rex_Holotype.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Tyrannosaurus rex", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/tyrannosaurus-rex.png" }, { "id": "blue-whale", "name": "Blue whale", "short": "Blue whale", "metres": 29, "display": "≈29 m", "exponent": 1.462398, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Animals", "category": "Animals", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative body length", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "whale", "accent": "#5ea7ff", "description": "The largest animal known to have lived, longer than many commercial aircraft cabins.", "fact": "A large blue whale is more than twice the length of a school bus.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 40, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/blue-whale-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/blue-whale-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/whale-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "whale", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anim1754_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Blue whale", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/blue-whale.png" }, { "id": "recreational-scuba-depth", "name": "Recreational scuba limit", "short": "Scuba depth", "metres": 40, "display": "≈40 m", "exponent": 1.60206, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "common recreational depth limit", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#4ec9e9", "description": "A common maximum depth used for advanced recreational diving, already beyond ordinary daylight comfort.", "fact": "Pressure is about five times surface pressure at this depth.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 41, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/recreational-scuba-depth-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/recreational-scuba-depth-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/scuba-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "scuba", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Underwater_photograph_of_a_recreational_scuba_diver_in_Playa_del_Carmen_2006.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Recreational scuba limit", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/recreational-scuba-depth.png" }, { "id": "boeing-747", "name": "Boeing 747-8", "short": "Boeing 747", "metres": 76.3, "display": "76.3 m", "exponent": 1.882525, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Machines", "category": "Machines", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "aircraft length", "family": "object", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "aircraft", "accent": "#8eb7df", "description": "A Boeing 747-8 long-haul aircraft whose body is more than two and a half blue whales long.", "fact": "Its wingspan is a little shorter than its overall length.", "source_label": "Boeing 747-8 airport planning characteristics", "source_url": "https://www.boeing.com/content/dam/boeing/v2/airports/acaps/747-8_Rev_D.pdf", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 42, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/boeing-747-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/boeing-747-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/boeing-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "boeing", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D-ABYT_at_FRA.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Boeing 747-8", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/boeing-747.png" }, { "id": "statue-of-liberty", "name": "Statue of Liberty", "short": "Statue of Liberty", "metres": 93, "display": "93 m", "exponent": 1.968483, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Architecture", "category": "Architecture", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "ground-to-torch height", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "monument", "accent": "#73d4c3", "description": "The complete monument from ground to torch, bridging animals, machines and tall structures.", "fact": "About three large blue whales placed end-to-end reach the torch.", "source_label": "U.S. National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 43, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/statue-of-liberty-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/statue-of-liberty-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/statue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "statue", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Front_view_of_Statue_of_Liberty_(cropped).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "AskALotl / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "CC0 1.0", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Statue of Liberty", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/statue-of-liberty.png" }, { "id": "giant-sequoia", "name": "Giant sequoia", "short": "Giant sequoia", "metres": 95, "display": "≈95 m", "exponent": 1.977724, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Botany", "category": "Botany", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "representative mature height", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "tree", "accent": "#73c98d", "description": "One of Earth’s most massive living organisms, growing as tall as a city landmark.", "fact": "Its trunk can hold centuries of recorded climate in annual rings.", "source_label": "U.S. National Park Service", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 44, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/giant-sequoia-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/giant-sequoia-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sequoia-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sequoia", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grizzly_Giant_Mariposa_Grove.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Mike Murphy / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "CC BY-SA 2.0; source page also lists alternative license terms", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Giant sequoia", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/giant-sequoia.png" }, { "id": "football-field", "name": "Football pitch", "short": "Football pitch", "metres": 105, "display": "105 m", "exponent": 2.021189, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Sports", "category": "Sports", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "international touchline length", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "field", "accent": "#65d68b", "description": "A common international football pitch length, useful for measuring structures and landscapes.", "fact": "Ten pitches make just over one kilometre.", "source_label": "FIFA Stadium Guidelines", "source_url": "https://inside.fifa.com/en/innovation/stadium-guidelines/technical-guidelines/stadiums-guidelines/pitch-dimensions-and-surrounding-areas", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 45, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/football-field-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/football-field-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/field-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "field", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Association_Football_field_diagram_-en.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Football pitch", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/football-field.png" }, { "id": "great-pyramid", "name": "Great Pyramid of Giza", "short": "Great Pyramid", "metres": 138.5, "display": "138.5 m today", "exponent": 2.14145, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Architecture", "category": "Architecture", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "present height", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "pyramid", "accent": "#e6c378", "description": "The tallest ancient pyramid, still monumental after thousands of years of weathering and stone loss.", "fact": "Its original height was about 146.6 metres.", "source_label": "Encyclopaedia Britannica reference", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 46, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/great-pyramid-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/great-pyramid-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/pyramid-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "pyramid", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Pyramid_of_Giza_-_Pyramid_of_Khufu.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Great Pyramid of Giza", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/great-pyramid.png" }, { "id": "ocean-twilight-zone", "name": "Ocean twilight zone begins", "short": "Twilight zone", "metres": 200, "display": "≈200 m deep", "exponent": 2.30103, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "upper mesopelagic boundary", "family": "distance", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#3a83d5", "description": "Around this depth, sunlight weakens so much that photosynthesis becomes impractical.", "fact": "Below here, bioluminescence becomes one of the ocean’s dominant light sources.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 47, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ocean-twilight-zone-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ocean-twilight-zone-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ocean-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ocean", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23,_2023.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Ocean twilight zone begins", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ocean-twilight-zone.png" }, { "id": "golden-gate-tower", "name": "Golden Gate tower", "short": "Bridge tower", "metres": 227.4, "display": "227.4 m", "exponent": 2.35679, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Architecture", "category": "Architecture", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "tower height above water", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "tower", "accent": "#ef765a", "description": "One tower of the Golden Gate Bridge rises higher than many city skyscrapers.", "fact": "The bridge deck passes between towers built to flex with wind and load.", "source_label": "Golden Gate Bridge facts and figures", "source_url": "https://www.goldengate.org/exhibits/facts-and-figures-about-the-bridge/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 48, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/golden-gate-tower-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/golden-gate-tower-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/bridge-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "bridge", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Gate_Bridge_as_seen_from_Battery_East.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Golden Gate tower", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/golden-gate-tower.png" }, { "id": "titanic", "name": "RMS Titanic", "short": "Titanic", "metres": 269.1, "display": "269.1 m", "exponent": 2.429914, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Machines", "category": "Machines", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "ship length overall", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "ship", "accent": "#8ea9c5", "description": "The ocean liner’s length provides a human-engineered reference before kilometre-scale works.", "fact": "Nearly four Boeing 747-8 fuselages match its length.", "source_label": "Encyclopaedia Britannica reference", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 49, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/titanic-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/titanic-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/titanic-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "titanic", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RMS_Titanic_3_(cropped_to_ship).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for RMS Titanic", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/titanic.png" }, { "id": "eiffel-tower", "name": "Eiffel Tower", "short": "Eiffel Tower", "metres": 330, "display": "330 m", "exponent": 2.518514, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Architecture", "category": "Architecture", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "current antenna height", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "tower", "accent": "#ff9d66", "description": "Paris’s iron landmark including its modern antenna height.", "fact": "More than eleven blue whales could fit along its height.", "source_label": "Official Eiffel Tower", "source_url": "https://www.toureiffel.paris/en", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 50, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/eiffel-tower-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/eiffel-tower-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/eiffel-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "eiffel", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons_(cropped).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Eiffel Tower", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/eiffel-tower.png" }, { "id": "deepest-scuba-dive", "name": "Deepest open-circuit scuba dive", "short": "Record scuba dive", "metres": 332.35, "display": "332.35 m", "exponent": 2.521596, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "record dive depth", "family": "distance", "certainty": "record", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#246cb5", "description": "A record-setting open-circuit scuba descent that pushes human physiology and equipment far beyond recreation.", "fact": "Its depth is close to the Eiffel Tower’s full height.", "source_label": "Guinness World Records", "source_url": "https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/deepest-scuba-dive-%28male%29", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 51, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/deepest-scuba-dive-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/deepest-scuba-dive-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/deepdiving-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "deepdiving", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trevor_Jackson_returns_from_SS_Kyogle.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Deepest open-circuit scuba dive", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/deepest-scuba-dive.png" }, { "id": "burj-khalifa", "name": "Burj Khalifa", "short": "Burj Khalifa", "metres": 828, "display": "828 m", "exponent": 2.91803, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Architecture", "category": "Architecture", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "architectural height", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "skyscraper", "accent": "#b9c8ff", "description": "A supertall skyscraper that compresses an entire vertical neighbourhood into one structure.", "fact": "Two and a half Eiffel Towers approach its height.", "source_label": "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat", "source_url": "https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 52, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/burj-khalifa-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/burj-khalifa-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/burj-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "burj", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burj_Khalifa_(worlds_tallest_building)_and_the_Dubai_skyline_(25781049892).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Burj Khalifa", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/burj-khalifa.png" }, { "id": "three-gorges-dam", "name": "Three Gorges Dam", "short": "Three Gorges Dam", "metres": 2335, "display": "2.335 km", "exponent": 3.368287, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Engineering", "category": "Engineering", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "dam crest length", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "dam", "accent": "#80a7b7", "description": "A vast hydroelectric structure spanning more than two kilometres across the Yangtze River.", "fact": "Its length exceeds two Burj Khalifas laid end-to-end.", "source_label": "USGS Water Science School", "source_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/three-gorges-dam-worlds-largest-hydroelectric-plant", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 53, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/three-gorges-dam-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/three-gorges-dam-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/dam-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "dam", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ThreeGorgesDam-China2009.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Three Gorges Dam", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/three-gorges-dam.png" }, { "id": "golden-gate-bridge", "name": "Golden Gate Bridge", "short": "Golden Gate Bridge", "metres": 2737, "display": "2.737 km", "exponent": 3.437275, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Engineering", "category": "Engineering", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "total bridge length", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "bridge", "accent": "#ff785e", "description": "A suspension bridge whose complete length turns familiar tower heights into a horizontal journey.", "fact": "Walking end-to-end covers more than twenty-six football pitches.", "source_label": "Golden Gate Bridge facts and figures", "source_url": "https://www.goldengate.org/exhibits/facts-and-figures-about-the-bridge/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 54, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/golden-gate-bridge-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/golden-gate-bridge-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/bridge-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "bridge", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_Gate_Bridge_as_seen_from_Battery_East.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Golden Gate Bridge", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/golden-gate-bridge.png" }, { "id": "ocean-average-depth", "name": "Average ocean depth", "short": "Average ocean", "metres": 3682, "display": "≈3.682 km deep", "exponent": 3.566084, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "global mean ocean depth", "family": "distance", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#2969b6", "description": "The global ocean’s average depth is already deeper than most mountains are tall above nearby terrain.", "fact": "The seafloor is not flat; this average hides trenches, ridges and abyssal plains.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 55, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ocean-average-depth-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ocean-average-depth-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ocean-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ocean", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23,_2023.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Average ocean depth", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ocean-average-depth.png" }, { "id": "titanic-wreck-depth", "name": "Titanic wreck depth", "short": "Titanic wreck", "metres": 3800, "display": "≈3.8 km deep", "exponent": 3.579784, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "wreck depth below sea level", "family": "distance", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#1d4f8d", "description": "The Titanic rests in darkness under enormous pressure on the North Atlantic seafloor.", "fact": "Its depth is slightly greater than the ocean’s global average.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 56, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/titanic-wreck-depth-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/titanic-wreck-depth-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/wreck-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "wreck", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Titanic_wreck_bow.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Titanic wreck depth", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/titanic-wreck-depth.png" }, { "id": "mont-blanc", "name": "Mont Blanc", "short": "Mont Blanc", "metres": 4807, "display": "≈4.807 km", "exponent": 3.681874, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Earth", "category": "Earth", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "surveyed summit altitude", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "mountain", "accent": "#dfe9f2", "description": "The Alps’ highest summit, whose snow-and-ice cap makes the measured altitude vary between surveys.", "fact": "Its published summit altitude changes as the ice cap and weather reshape the top.", "source_label": "Chamonix-Mont-Blanc official tourism reference", "source_url": "https://en.chamonix.com/la-vallee/patrimoine-culture/patrimoine-naturel-de-la-vallee-de-chamonix-mont-blanc/mont-blanc", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 57, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/mont-blanc-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/mont-blanc-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/montblanc-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "montblanc", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mont_Blanc_Aiguille.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Mont Blanc", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/mont-blanc.png" }, { "id": "abyssal-zone", "name": "Abyssal zone boundary", "short": "Abyssal depth", "metres": 6000, "display": "≈6 km deep", "exponent": 3.778151, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "lower abyssal boundary", "family": "distance", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#173d70", "description": "Around six kilometres down, the abyss gives way to hadal trenches carved by plate tectonics.", "fact": "Only specialized vehicles and organisms operate routinely at these pressures.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 58, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/abyssal-zone-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/abyssal-zone-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ocean-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ocean", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_as_viewed_from_GOES-18_on_September_23,_2023.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Abyssal zone boundary", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/abyssal-zone.png" }, { "id": "mount-everest", "name": "Mount Everest", "short": "Mount Everest", "metres": 8848.86, "display": "8,848.86 m", "exponent": 3.946887, "realm": "Monumental", "realm_copy": "Animals, machines, buildings and depth", "realm_accent": "#61b9ff", "realm_accent_2": "#ff8a64", "domain": "Earth", "category": "Earth", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "summit elevation above sea level", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "mountain", "accent": "#dbe8f6", "description": "Earth’s highest mountain above mean sea level, shown as vertical elevation.", "fact": "More than ten Burj Khalifas are needed to match its height.", "source_label": "Government of Nepal — Mountaineering facts 2025", "source_url": "https://giwmscdnone.gov.np/media/pdf_upload/Facts%202025%20Final_jktttlf.pdf", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 59, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/mount-everest-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/mount-everest-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/everest-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "everest", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Everest_from_Gokyo_Ri_November_5,_2012.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Mount Everest", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/mount-everest.png" }, { "id": "challenger-deep", "name": "Challenger Deep", "short": "Challenger Deep", "metres": 10935, "display": "≈10.935 km deep", "exponent": 4.038819, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Ocean", "category": "Ocean", "measure_kind": "depth", "measure_label": "measured seafloor depth", "family": "distance", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "depth", "accent": "#102f61", "description": "The deepest reliably measured point in the ocean, inside the Mariana Trench.", "fact": "Mount Everest could fit inside with more than two kilometres of water above its summit.", "source_label": "NOAA", "source_url": "https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 60, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/challenger-deep-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/challenger-deep-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/mariana-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "mariana", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marianatrenchmap.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Challenger Deep", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/challenger-deep.png" }, { "id": "halley-nucleus", "name": "Halley’s Comet nucleus", "short": "Halley nucleus", "metres": 11000, "display": "≈11 km", "exponent": 4.041393, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative nucleus length", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "comet", "accent": "#b8aa91", "description": "The dark icy nucleus behind Halley’s spectacular coma is roughly city-sized.", "fact": "Most of the visible comet is gas and dust spread far beyond this solid core.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 61, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/halley-nucleus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/halley-nucleus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/halley-nucleus-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "halley-nasa-giotto", "image_source_page": "https://science.nasa.gov/photojournal/comet-halley/", "image_provider": "NASA Science / ESA Giotto", "image_credit": "NASA/ESA/Giotto Project", "image_license": "NASA media usage guidelines; ESA/Giotto credit retained", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Halley’s Comet nucleus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/halley-nucleus.png" }, { "id": "troposphere", "name": "Troposphere", "short": "Troposphere", "metres": 12000, "display": "≈12 km high", "exponent": 4.079181, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Atmosphere", "category": "Atmosphere", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "representative upper boundary", "family": "distance", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "atmosphere", "accent": "#76bcea", "description": "The lowest atmospheric layer contains most weather and most of the air’s mass.", "fact": "Its boundary varies with latitude, season and weather.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 62, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/troposphere-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/troposphere-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/atmosphere-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "atmosphere", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS043-E-143486_-_View_of_Earth.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Troposphere", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/troposphere.png" }, { "id": "neutron-star", "name": "Neutron star", "short": "Neutron star", "metres": 20000, "display": "≈20 km", "exponent": 4.30103, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative stellar-remnant diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "star", "accent": "#a9d9ff", "description": "More mass than the Sun can be compressed into a sphere roughly the width of a city.", "fact": "A teaspoon of neutron-star matter would have an unimaginable mass on Earth.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 63, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/neutron-star-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/neutron-star-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/neutron-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "neutron", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moving_heart_of_the_Crab_Nebula.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Neutron star", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/neutron-star.png" }, { "id": "phobos", "name": "Phobos", "short": "Phobos", "metres": 22533, "display": "≈22.5 km", "exponent": 4.352819, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "moon", "accent": "#9b9185", "description": "Mars’s larger moon is an irregular, cratered world barely larger than a city.", "fact": "Its gravity is too weak to pull it into a sphere.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 64, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/phobos-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/phobos-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/phobos-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "phobos", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phobos_seen_by_Mars_Express_(4437606433).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum) / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO as stated on the source page; attribution and share-alike apply", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Phobos", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/phobos.png" }, { "id": "large-hadron-collider", "name": "Large Hadron Collider", "short": "LHC ring", "metres": 26659, "display": "26.659 km around", "exponent": 4.425844, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Engineering", "category": "Engineering", "measure_kind": "circumference", "measure_label": "accelerator ring circumference", "family": "distance", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "ring", "accent": "#4dbde8", "description": "The world’s largest particle accelerator forms a buried ring beneath France and Switzerland.", "fact": "Protons complete more than eleven thousand circuits every second near light speed.", "source_label": "CERN", "source_url": "https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 65, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/large-hadron-collider-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/large-hadron-collider-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/lhc-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "lhc", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LHC.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Large Hadron Collider", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/large-hadron-collider.png" }, { "id": "stellar-black-hole", "name": "Stellar black-hole horizon", "short": "Stellar black hole", "metres": 60000, "display": "≈60 km across", "exponent": 4.778151, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Black holes", "category": "Black holes", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative Schwarzschild diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "blackhole", "accent": "#ffb35f", "description": "A representative event horizon for a black hole around ten times the Sun’s mass.", "fact": "The matter that formed it once occupied a star millions of kilometres wide.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 66, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/stellar-black-hole-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/stellar-black-hole-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/blackhole-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "blackhole", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_black_hole_inside_NGC_300_X-1_(ESO_1004a).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Stellar black-hole horizon", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/stellar-black-hole.png" }, { "id": "karman-line", "name": "Kármán line", "short": "Kármán line", "metres": 100000, "display": "100 km high", "exponent": 5, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Atmosphere", "category": "Atmosphere", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "conventional space boundary", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "atmosphere", "accent": "#6f88ff", "description": "A widely used conventional boundary where aeronautical flight gives way to astronautics.", "fact": "It is a definition, not a physical wall in the atmosphere.", "source_label": "Fédération Aéronautique Internationale", "source_url": "https://www.fai.org/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 67, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/karman-line-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/karman-line-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/atmosphere-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "atmosphere", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS043-E-143486_-_View_of_Earth.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Kármán line", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/karman-line.png" }, { "id": "iss-orbit", "name": "International Space Station orbit", "short": "ISS altitude", "metres": 408000, "display": "≈408 km high", "exponent": 5.61066, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Spaceflight", "category": "Spaceflight", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "representative orbital altitude", "family": "distance", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "orbit", "accent": "#cce6ff", "description": "The station circles in low Earth orbit, close enough to cross the sky as a bright moving point.", "fact": "It travels around Earth roughly every ninety minutes.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 68, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/iss-orbit-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/iss-orbit-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/iss-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "iss", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_station_pictured_from_the_SpaceX_Crew_Dragon_5.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for International Space Station orbit", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/iss-orbit.png" }, { "id": "vesta", "name": "Vesta", "short": "Vesta", "metres": 525400, "display": "≈525 km", "exponent": 5.72049, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "asteroid", "accent": "#b19d8d", "description": "A large differentiated asteroid with a giant impact basin near its south pole.", "fact": "It contains a notable fraction of the asteroid belt’s total mass.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 69, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/vesta-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/vesta-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/vesta-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "vesta", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vesta_Full-Frame.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA", "image_license": "Public domain in the United States as a NASA image; see source page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Vesta", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/vesta.png" }, { "id": "ceres", "name": "Ceres", "short": "Ceres", "metres": 939400, "display": "≈939 km", "exponent": 5.972851, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#a8a39b", "description": "The largest object in the asteroid belt and the only dwarf planet in the inner solar system.", "fact": "It is large enough for gravity to make it nearly round.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 70, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ceres-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ceres-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ceres-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ceres", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ceres_1.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Justin Cowart / NASA Dawn mission", "image_license": "Public domain in the United States as a NASA image; see source page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Ceres", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ceres.png" }, { "id": "sweden-length", "name": "Sweden north to south", "short": "Sweden length", "metres": 1572000, "display": "≈1,572 km", "exponent": 6.196453, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Geography", "category": "Geography", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "north–south extent", "family": "distance", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "map", "accent": "#76c89f", "description": "Sweden’s long north–south span bridges regional geography and planetary curvature.", "fact": "Light crosses this distance in about five milliseconds.", "source_label": "Official website of Sweden — geography", "source_url": "https://sweden.se/life/society/key-facts-about-sweden", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 71, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/sweden-length-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/sweden-length-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sweden-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sweden", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sweden_location_map.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "NordNordWest / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "GNU Free Documentation License 1.2 or later; attribution and license notice apply", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Sweden north to south", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/sweden-length.png" }, { "id": "great-barrier-reef", "name": "Great Barrier Reef system", "short": "Great Barrier Reef", "metres": 2300000, "display": "≈2,300 km long", "exponent": 6.361728, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Earth", "category": "Earth", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "reef-system extent", "family": "region", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "reef", "accent": "#50d5c4", "description": "A vast connected marine ecosystem stretching along Australia’s northeastern coast.", "fact": "Its full extent is longer than Sweden from north to south.", "source_label": "Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority", "source_url": "https://www2.gbrmpa.gov.au/learn/fascinating-facts-about-great-barrier-reef", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 72, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/great-barrier-reef-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/great-barrier-reef-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/reef-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "reef", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-45_StoryOfWater,_Great_Barrier_Reef,_Australia.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Great Barrier Reef system", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/great-barrier-reef.png" }, { "id": "pluto", "name": "Pluto", "short": "Pluto", "metres": 2376600, "display": "2,376.6 km", "exponent": 6.375956, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#c4a889", "description": "A dwarf planet with mountains of water ice and a bright heart-shaped plain.", "fact": "Its diameter is smaller than the length of the Great Barrier Reef system.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 73, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/pluto-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/pluto-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/pluto-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "pluto", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Pluto", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/pluto.png" }, { "id": "moon", "name": "The Moon", "short": "Moon", "metres": 3474800, "display": "3,474.8 km", "exponent": 6.54093, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "moon", "accent": "#d7d9e0", "description": "Earth’s natural satellite, the only world beyond Earth visited by humans.", "fact": "Earth is about 3.7 Moon diameters wide.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 74, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/moon-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/moon-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/moon-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "moon", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FullMoon2010.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for The Moon", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/moon.png" }, { "id": "valles-marineris", "name": "Valles Marineris", "short": "Valles Marineris", "metres": 4000000, "display": "≈4,000 km long", "exponent": 6.60206, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Planetary geology", "category": "Planetary geology", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "canyon-system length", "family": "region", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "canyon", "accent": "#d36d49", "description": "A canyon system on Mars that would stretch across a continent on Earth.", "fact": "Its length is greater than the Moon’s diameter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 75, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/valles-marineris-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/valles-marineris-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/valles-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "valles", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_Valles_Marineris.jpeg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Valles Marineris", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/valles-marineris.png" }, { "id": "mercury", "name": "Mercury", "short": "Mercury", "metres": 4879400, "display": "4,879.4 km", "exponent": 6.688366, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#a9a39b", "description": "The smallest planet and the closest world to the Sun.", "fact": "Mercury is only about forty percent as wide as Earth.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 76, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/mercury-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/mercury-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/mercury-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "mercury", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercury_Globe-MESSENGER_mosaic_centered_at_0degN-0degE.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "NASA/JHUAPL", "image_license": "Public domain in the United States as a NASA image; see source page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Mercury", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/mercury.png" }, { "id": "mars", "name": "Mars", "short": "Mars", "metres": 6779000, "display": "6,779 km", "exponent": 6.831166, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#ef784f", "description": "A cold desert world with giant volcanoes, canyons and evidence of ancient water.", "fact": "Mars is just over half Earth’s diameter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 77, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/mars-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/mars-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/mars-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "mars", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_-_August_30_2021_-_Flickr_-_Kevin_M._Gill.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Mars", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/mars.png" }, { "id": "earth-exosphere", "name": "Earth’s exosphere", "short": "Exosphere extent", "metres": 10000000, "display": "≈10,000 km high", "exponent": 7, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Atmosphere", "category": "Atmosphere", "measure_kind": "height", "measure_label": "approximate outer extent", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "atmosphere", "accent": "#668ce8", "description": "The outermost atmospheric region fades gradually into interplanetary space rather than ending sharply.", "fact": "Some hydrogen atoms extend far beyond this representative boundary.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 78, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/earth-exosphere-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/earth-exosphere-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/atmosphere-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "atmosphere", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ISS043-E-143486_-_View_of_Earth.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Earth’s exosphere", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/earth-exosphere.png" }, { "id": "venus", "name": "Venus", "short": "Venus", "metres": 12104000, "display": "12,104 km", "exponent": 7.082929, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#e4b46c", "description": "An Earth-sized world hidden beneath dense clouds and a runaway greenhouse atmosphere.", "fact": "Venus is only about five percent narrower than Earth.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 79, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/venus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/venus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/venus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "venus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_2_Approach_Image.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Venus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/venus.png" }, { "id": "white-dwarf", "name": "White dwarf", "short": "White dwarf", "metres": 12700000, "display": "≈12,700 km", "exponent": 7.103804, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative stellar-remnant diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "star", "accent": "#f7fbff", "description": "A Sun-like star’s exposed core can pack a star’s mass into a body about Earth’s size.", "fact": "A white dwarf and Earth can have similar diameters but radically different masses.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 80, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/white-dwarf-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/white-dwarf-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/white-dwarf-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "white-dwarf", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sirius_A_and_B_Hubble_photo.editted.PNG", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for White dwarf", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/white-dwarf.png" }, { "id": "earth", "name": "Earth", "short": "Earth", "metres": 12742000, "display": "12,742 km", "exponent": 7.105238, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "earth", "accent": "#62b7ff", "description": "Our ocean world, measured by mean diameter — the anchor for familiar planetary comparisons.", "fact": "Mount Everest is a tiny wrinkle beside Earth’s diameter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 81, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/earth-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/earth-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/earth-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "earth", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meteosat-12-fci-march-equinox-2025-noon.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Earth", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/earth.png" }, { "id": "neptune", "name": "Neptune", "short": "Neptune", "metres": 49244000, "display": "49,244 km", "exponent": 7.692353, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#4e72ff", "description": "A distant ice giant with the fastest known planetary winds in the solar system.", "fact": "Nearly four Earths fit across its diameter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 82, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/neptune-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/neptune-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/neptune-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "neptune", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neptune_Voyager2_color_calibrated.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Neptune", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/neptune.png" }, { "id": "uranus", "name": "Uranus", "short": "Uranus", "metres": 50724000, "display": "50,724 km", "exponent": 7.705213, "realm": "Planetary", "realm_copy": "Atmospheres, moons and worlds", "realm_accent": "#5e82ff", "realm_accent_2": "#64d3dc", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#82d9e6", "description": "An ice giant rotating on its side, surrounded by faint rings and many moons.", "fact": "It is slightly wider than Neptune.", 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system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "equatorial diameter without rings", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#e6c77d", "description": "A gas giant whose spectacular rings are broad but astonishingly thin.", "fact": "More than nine Earths fit across Saturn’s globe.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 84, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/saturn-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/saturn-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/saturn-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "saturn", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saturn_global_view_from_Cassini,_rings_open_Better_Colour.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Saturn", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/saturn.png" }, { "id": "jupiter", "name": "Jupiter", "short": "Jupiter", "metres": 139820000, "display": "139,820 km", "exponent": 8.145569, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "equatorial diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "planet", "accent": "#dca36a", "description": "The largest planet, with storms and cloud bands wrapped around a rapidly rotating globe.", "fact": "About eleven Earth diameters fit across Jupiter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 85, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/jupiter-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/jupiter-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/jupiter-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "jupiter", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_OPAL_2024.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Jupiter", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/jupiter.png" }, { "id": "proxima-centauri-star", "name": "Proxima Centauri", "short": "Proxima star", "metres": 214000000, "display": "≈214,000 km", "exponent": 8.330414, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#e96d58", "description": "The nearest known star to the Sun is a cool red dwarf only modestly larger than Jupiter.", "fact": "Its small size helps explain why red dwarfs can burn for trillions of years.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 86, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/proxima-centauri-star-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/proxima-centauri-star-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/proxima-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "proxima", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_shot_of_Proxima_Centauri,_our_nearest_neighbour.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Proxima Centauri", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/proxima-centauri-star.png" }, { "id": "light-second", "name": "One 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"image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_and_Moon_Size_and_Distance_scale_-_with_real-time_light_speed%21.webm", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for One light-second", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/light-second.png" }, { "id": "earth-moon-distance", "name": "Earth–Moon distance", "short": "Moon distance", "metres": 384400000, "display": "≈384,400 km", "exponent": 8.584783, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "mean centre-to-centre distance", "family": "distance", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#b5c7ff", "description": "The average centre-to-centre distance separating Earth and the Moon.", "fact": "All the solar system’s planets could fit side-by-side inside this gap with room left over.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 88, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/earth-moon-distance-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/earth-moon-distance-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/lunar-distance-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "lunar-distance", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_perigee_apogee.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Earth–Moon distance", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/earth-moon-distance.png" }, { "id": "sun", "name": "The Sun", "short": "Sun", "metres": 1392700000, "display": "1.393 million km", "exponent": 9.143858, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ffb14f", "description": "The star containing almost all the solar system’s mass and powering nearly every surface ecosystem.", "fact": "About 109 Earth diameters fit across the Sun.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 89, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/sun-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/sun-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sun-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sun", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Sun_in_white_light.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for The Sun", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/sun.png" }, { "id": "sirius-a", "name": "Sirius A", "short": "Sirius A", "metres": 2380000000, "display": "≈2.38 million km", "exponent": 9.376577, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#dce8ff", "description": "The brightest star in Earth’s night sky is larger, hotter and more luminous than the Sun.", "fact": "Its companion is a white dwarf only about Earth-sized.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 90, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/sirius-a-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/sirius-a-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sirius-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sirius", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sirius_A_and_B_Hubble_photo.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "NASA, ESA, H. Bond (STScI) and M. Barstow (University of Leicester)", "image_license": "NASA/ESA Hubble material marked copyright-free with required source credit; see source page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Sirius A", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/sirius-a.png" }, { "id": "pollux", "name": "Pollux", "short": "Pollux", "metres": 12250000000, "display": "≈12.25 million km", "exponent": 10.088136, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ffc06b", "description": "An orange giant star that shows how dramatically stars expand after core hydrogen runs low.", "fact": "Roughly nine Suns fit across its estimated diameter.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 91, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/pollux-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/pollux-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/pollux-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "pollux", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollux-Sun_comparison.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Omnidoom 999 / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "Public domain", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Pollux", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/pollux.png" }, { "id": "sagittarius-a-star", "name": "Sagittarius A* horizon", "short": "Sagittarius A*", "metres": 25400000000, "display": "≈25.4 million km", "exponent": 10.404834, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Black holes", "category": "Black holes", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "Schwarzschild diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "blackhole", "accent": "#ffa44f", "description": "The Milky Way’s central black hole has millions of solar masses inside an event horizon smaller than Mercury’s orbit.", "fact": "Its observed glowing environment is much larger than the horizon itself.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 92, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/sagittarius-a-star-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/sagittarius-a-star-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sagittarius-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sagittarius", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EHT_Saggitarius_A_black_hole.tif", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Sagittarius A* horizon", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/sagittarius-a-star.png" }, { "id": "arcturus", "name": "Arcturus", "short": "Arcturus", "metres": 35400000000, "display": "≈35.4 million km", "exponent": 10.549003, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ff9b55", "description": "A nearby orange giant whose swollen surface dwarfs the Sun.", "fact": "Its diameter is roughly twenty-five Suns across.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 93, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/arcturus-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/arcturus-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/arcturus-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "arcturus", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arcturus-star.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Windows to the Universe / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "Free use with attribution to Windows to the Universe; see source page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Arcturus", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/arcturus.png" }, { "id": "aldebaran", "name": "Aldebaran", "short": "Aldebaran", "metres": 61200000000, "display": "≈61.2 million km", "exponent": 10.786751, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ff8a4f", "description": "The orange eye of Taurus is a giant star with a broad, diffuse visible boundary.", "fact": "Its diameter approaches half the width of Saturn.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 94, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/aldebaran-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/aldebaran-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/aldebaran-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "aldebaran", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aldebaran.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "NASA, ESA and STScI", "image_license": "CC BY 4.0; attribution applies", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Aldebaran", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/aldebaran.png" }, { "id": "rigel", "name": "Rigel", "short": "Rigel", "metres": 109000000000, "display": "≈109 million km", "exponent": 11.037426, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "star", "accent": "#a9c8ff", "description": "A blue supergiant burning with extreme luminosity and a vast stellar surface.", "fact": "Its diameter is comparable to Saturn’s globe.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 95, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/rigel-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/rigel-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/rigel-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "rigel", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rigel_sun_comparison.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "CWitte / Wikimedia Commons", "image_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0 selected from the source file's multi-license terms; attribution and share-alike apply", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Rigel", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/rigel.png" }, { "id": "astronomical-unit", "name": "One astronomical unit", "short": "1 AU", "metres": 149597870700, "display": "149.6 million km", "exponent": 11.174925, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "mean Earth–Sun orbital distance", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#ffd66d", "description": "The conventional distance unit based on Earth’s average separation from the Sun.", "fact": "Sunlight crosses one astronomical unit in about eight minutes and twenty seconds.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 96, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/astronomical-unit-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/astronomical-unit-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/au-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "au", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Astronomical_unit_svg.svg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for One astronomical unit", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/astronomical-unit.png" }, { "id": "betelgeuse", "name": "Betelgeuse", "short": "Betelgeuse", "metres": 1000000000000, "display": "≈1 billion km", "exponent": 12, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated photospheric diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ff653f", "description": "A pulsating red supergiant with a surface so diffuse that its quoted diameter changes with wavelength and time.", "fact": "Placed at the Sun, it could extend toward the asteroid belt.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 97, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/betelgeuse-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/betelgeuse-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/betelgeuse-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "betelgeuse", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Betelgeuse_(star).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Adam Block / Steward Observatory / University of Arizona", "image_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0; attribution and share-alike apply", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Betelgeuse", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/betelgeuse.png" }, { "id": "light-hour", "name": "One light-hour", "short": "Light-hour", "metres": 1079252800000, "display": "≈1.079 billion km", "exponent": 12.033123, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "distance light travels in one hour", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#89e7ff", "description": "The distance light crosses during one hour in vacuum.", "fact": "It is close to the diameter assigned to Betelgeuse in this representative view.", "source_label": "NIST CODATA", "source_url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 98, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/light-hour-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/light-hour-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/light-distance-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "light-distance", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_and_Moon_Size_and_Distance_scale_-_with_real-time_light_speed%21.webm", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for One light-hour", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/light-hour.png" }, { "id": "vy-canis-majoris", "name": "VY Canis Majoris", "short": "VY Canis Majoris", "metres": 1980000000000, "display": "≈1.98 billion km", "exponent": 12.296665, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Stars", "category": "Stars", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "estimated stellar diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "variable", "shape": "star", "accent": "#ff4f3d", "description": "An extreme red hypergiant surrounded by material it has expelled into space.", "fact": "Its uncertain visible boundary could contain more than a thousand Suns across its area.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 99, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/vy-canis-majoris-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/vy-canis-majoris-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/vy-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "vy", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VY_Canis_Majoris,_Rutherford_Observatory,_07_September_2014.jpeg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for VY Canis Majoris", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/vy-canis-majoris.png" }, { "id": "solar-system", "name": "Solar System to Neptune", "short": "Solar System", "metres": 9000000000000, "display": "≈9 billion km", "exponent": 12.954243, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "Neptune-orbit diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "orbit", "accent": "#88a4ff", "description": "The broad diameter of Neptune’s orbit reveals how empty a planetary system really is.", "fact": "The planets themselves occupy a tiny fraction of this span.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 100, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/solar-system-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/solar-system-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/solar-system-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "solar-system-oort-nasa", "image_source_page": "https://science.nasa.gov/resource/oort-cloud-and-scale-of-the-solar-system-infographic/", "image_provider": "NASA Science / JPL-Caltech", "image_credit": "NASA/JPL-Caltech", "image_license": "NASA media usage guidelines", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Solar System to Neptune", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/solar-system.png" }, { "id": "pluto-orbit", "name": "Pluto’s orbit diameter", "short": "Pluto orbit", "metres": 11800000000000, "display": "≈11.8 billion km", "exponent": 13.071882, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "mean orbital diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "orbit", "accent": "#9d8fdd", "description": "Pluto’s elongated orbit widens the familiar planetary system beyond Neptune.", "fact": "Pluto sometimes travels closer to the Sun than Neptune.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 101, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/pluto-orbit-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/pluto-orbit-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/solar-system-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "solar-system", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_System_True_Color_EN.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Pluto’s orbit diameter", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/pluto-orbit.png" }, { "id": "light-day", "name": "One light-day", "short": "Light-day", "metres": 25902068000000, "display": "≈25.9 billion km", "exponent": 13.413334, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "distance light travels in one day", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#86e5ff", "description": "The enormous distance light covers during one Earth day.", "fact": "Voyager 1 would need decades to cross one light-day at its present speed.", "source_label": "NIST CODATA", "source_url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 102, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/light-day-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/light-day-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/light-distance-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "light-distance", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_and_Moon_Size_and_Distance_scale_-_with_real-time_light_speed%21.webm", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for One light-day", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/light-day.png" }, { "id": "heliosphere", "name": "Heliosphere", "short": "Heliosphere", "metres": 36000000000000, "display": "≈36 billion km", "exponent": 13.556303, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative heliosphere width", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "heliosphere", "accent": "#79d8ff", "description": "The solar wind inflates a vast, asymmetric bubble inside the surrounding interstellar medium.", "fact": "Its boundary shifts with solar activity and the Sun’s galactic environment.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 103, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/heliosphere-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/heliosphere-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/heliosphere-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "heliosphere-nasa-2022", "image_source_page": "https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20363/", "image_provider": "NASA Goddard Scientific Visualization Studio", "image_credit": "NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab; Krystofer Kim", "image_license": "NASA media usage guidelines", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Heliosphere", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/heliosphere.png" }, { "id": "m87-black-hole", "name": "M87* event horizon", "short": "M87* horizon", "metres": 38000000000000, "display": "≈38 billion km", "exponent": 13.579784, "realm": "Stellar", "realm_copy": "Light, stars, orbits and black holes", "realm_accent": "#ffb454", "realm_accent_2": "#ff5e48", "domain": "Black holes", "category": "Black holes", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "Schwarzschild diameter", "family": "object", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "blackhole", "accent": "#ff9f53", "description": "A supermassive black hole whose event-horizon scale rivals the width of the heliosphere.", "fact": "The famous Event Horizon Telescope image shows a larger glowing shadow structure, not a solid surface.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 104, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/m87-black-hole-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/m87-black-hole-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/m87-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "m87", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Messier_87_Hubble_WikiSky.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for M87* event horizon", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/m87-black-hole.png" }, { "id": "light-year", "name": "One light-year", "short": "Light-year", "metres": 9460730472000000, "display": "9.461 trillion km", "exponent": 15.975925, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "distance light travels in one Julian year", "family": "distance", "certainty": "defined", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#80e8ff", "description": "The standard interstellar distance unit: how far light travels in one year through vacuum.", "fact": "At highway speed, crossing one light-year would take more than ten million years.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 105, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/light-year-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/light-year-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/lightyear-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "lightyear", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:12lightyears.gif", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for One light-year", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/light-year.png" }, { "id": "ring-nebula", "name": "Ring Nebula", "short": "Ring Nebula", "metres": 9460730472000000, "display": "≈1 light-year", "exponent": 15.975925, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Nebulae", "category": "Nebulae", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative visible diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "nebula", "accent": "#68d8ff", "description": "A glowing shell expelled by a dying Sun-like star, seen nearly along its central axis.", "fact": "Its apparent ring is part of a three-dimensional structure.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 106, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/ring-nebula-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/ring-nebula-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/ring-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "ring", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Webb_captures_detailed_beauty_of_Ring_Nebula_(NIRCam_image)_(weic2320b).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Ring Nebula", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/ring-nebula.png" }, { "id": "oort-cloud", "name": "Oort Cloud", "short": "Oort Cloud", "metres": 30000000000000000, "display": "≈3.2 light-years", "exponent": 16.477121, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Solar system", "category": "Solar system", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative cloud diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "cloud", "accent": "#a3b8ff", "description": "A hypothetical distant reservoir of icy bodies surrounding the planetary system.", "fact": "Its outer boundary may reach a significant fraction of the way to the nearest star.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 107, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/oort-cloud-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/oort-cloud-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/oort-cloud-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "solar-system-oort-nasa", "image_source_page": "https://science.nasa.gov/resource/oort-cloud-and-scale-of-the-solar-system-infographic/", "image_provider": "NASA Science / JPL-Caltech", "image_credit": "NASA/JPL-Caltech", "image_license": "NASA media usage guidelines", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Oort Cloud", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/oort-cloud.png" }, { "id": "proxima-distance", "name": "Distance to Proxima Centauri", "short": "Proxima distance", "metres": 40100000000000000, "display": "≈4.24 light-years", "exponent": 16.603144, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Distance", "category": "Distance", "measure_kind": "distance", "measure_label": "Sun-to-star distance", "family": "distance", "certainty": "measured", "shape": "distance", "accent": "#88efff", "description": "The gap between the Sun and the nearest known star beyond it.", "fact": "Light leaving today arrives more than four years later.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 108, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/proxima-distance-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/proxima-distance-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/proxima-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "proxima", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:New_shot_of_Proxima_Centauri,_our_nearest_neighbour.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Distance to Proxima Centauri", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/proxima-distance.png" }, { "id": "crab-nebula", "name": "Crab Nebula", "short": "Crab Nebula", "metres": 1.04e+17, "display": "≈11 light-years", "exponent": 17.017033, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Nebulae", "category": "Nebulae", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative remnant diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "nebula", "accent": "#f28d73", "description": "The expanding remains of a supernova observed from Earth in the year 1054.", "fact": "A rapidly spinning neutron star energizes its interior.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 109, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/crab-nebula-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/crab-nebula-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/crab-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "crab", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crab_Nebula.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Crab Nebula", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/crab-nebula.png" }, { "id": "orion-nebula", "name": "Orion Nebula", "short": "Orion Nebula", "metres": 2.27e+17, "display": "≈24 light-years", "exponent": 17.356026, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Nebulae", "category": "Nebulae", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative bright-region diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "nebula", "accent": "#d68cff", "description": "A nearby stellar nursery where gas, dust and newborn stars reshape one another.", "fact": "The bright visible core is only part of a much larger molecular complex.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 110, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/orion-nebula-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/orion-nebula-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/orion-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "orion", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orion_Nebula_-_Hubble_2006_mosaic_18000.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Orion Nebula", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/orion-nebula.png" }, { "id": "eagle-nebula", "name": "Eagle Nebula", "short": "Eagle Nebula", "metres": 6.62e+17, "display": "≈70 light-years", "exponent": 17.820858, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Nebulae", "category": "Nebulae", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative region diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "nebula", "accent": "#79d6b0", "description": "A star-forming region famous for the Pillars of Creation.", "fact": "The pillars are small features inside a nebula tens of light-years wide.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 111, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/eagle-nebula-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/eagle-nebula-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/eagle-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "eagle", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eagle_Nebula_from_ESO.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Eagle Nebula", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/eagle-nebula.png" }, { "id": "globular-cluster", "name": "Typical globular cluster", "short": "Globular cluster", "metres": 9.46e+17, "display": "≈100 light-years", "exponent": 17.975891, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Star systems", "category": "Star systems", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative cluster diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "representative", "shape": "cluster", "accent": "#efdca5", "description": "A dense, ancient swarm containing hundreds of thousands of stars in a roughly spherical volume.", "fact": "Its crowded core can place stars far closer together than in the Sun’s neighbourhood.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 112, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/globular-cluster-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/globular-cluster-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/globular-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "globular", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Globular_Cluster_M2.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Typical globular cluster", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/globular-cluster.png" }, { "id": "carina-nebula", "name": "Carina Nebula", "short": "Carina Nebula", "metres": 2.838e+18, "display": "≈300 light-years", "exponent": 18.453012, "realm": "Interstellar", "realm_copy": "Light-years, clouds and stellar nurseries", "realm_accent": "#6ee7ff", "realm_accent_2": "#c276ff", "domain": "Nebulae", "category": "Nebulae", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative complex diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "nebula", "accent": "#ff789d", "description": "A vast star-forming complex filled with massive young stars, dust lanes and glowing gas.", "fact": "It contains several separate clusters and explosive stellar environments.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 113, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/carina-nebula-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/carina-nebula-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/carina-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "carina", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carina_Nebula_by_Harel_Boren_(151851961,_modified).jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Carina Nebula", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/carina-nebula.png" }, { "id": "large-magellanic-cloud", "name": "Large Magellanic Cloud", "short": "LMC", "metres": 1.3245e+20, "display": "≈14,000 light-years", "exponent": 20.122052, "realm": "Galactic", "realm_copy": "Galaxies and their neighbourhoods", "realm_accent": "#8da1ff", "realm_accent_2": "#d795ff", "domain": "Galaxies", "category": "Galaxies", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative visible diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "galaxy", "accent": "#8c9fff", "description": "A nearby dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way and visible from southern skies.", "fact": "It contains giant star-forming regions such as the Tarantula Nebula.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 114, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/large-magellanic-cloud-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/large-magellanic-cloud-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/lmc-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "lmc", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eso1021d.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Large Magellanic Cloud", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/large-magellanic-cloud.png" }, { "id": "milky-way", "name": "Milky Way", "short": "Milky Way", "metres": 9.46073e+20, "display": "≈100,000 light-years", "exponent": 20.975925, "realm": "Galactic", "realm_copy": "Galaxies and their neighbourhoods", "realm_accent": "#8da1ff", "realm_accent_2": "#d795ff", "domain": "Galaxies", "category": "Galaxies", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative stellar-disc diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "galaxy", "accent": "#d5dcff", "description": "Our barred spiral galaxy, containing the Sun and hundreds of billions of stars.", "fact": "The thin stellar disc is much wider than it is thick.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 115, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/milky-way-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/milky-way-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/milky-way-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "milky-way-gaia-2025", "image_source_page": "https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/01/The_best_Milky_Way_map_by_Gaia", "image_provider": "European Space Agency / Gaia DPAC", "image_credit": "ESA/Gaia/DPAC, Stefan Payne-Wardenaar", "image_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO or ESA Standard Licence", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Milky Way", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/milky-way.png" }, { "id": "andromeda", "name": "Andromeda Galaxy", "short": "Andromeda", "metres": 2.08e+21, "display": "≈220,000 light-years", "exponent": 21.318063, "realm": "Galactic", "realm_copy": "Galaxies and their neighbourhoods", "realm_accent": "#8da1ff", "realm_accent_2": "#d795ff", "domain": "Galaxies", "category": "Galaxies", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "representative extended-disc diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "galaxy", "accent": "#a8b5ff", "description": "The nearest large spiral galaxy, approaching the Milky Way within the Local Group.", "fact": "Its faint outer structure extends far beyond the bright centre seen by eye.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 116, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/andromeda-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/andromeda-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/andromeda-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "andromeda-2025", "image_source_page": "https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2025/01/Hubble_s_panoramic_view_of_the_Andromeda_Galaxy", "image_provider": "NASA / ESA Hubble", "image_credit": "NASA, ESA, B. Williams (University of Washington)", "image_license": "CC BY 4.0 International or ESA Standard Licence", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Andromeda Galaxy", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/andromeda.png" }, { "id": "local-group", "name": "Local Group", "short": "Local Group", "metres": 9.46073e+22, "display": "≈10 million light-years", "exponent": 22.975925, "realm": "Galactic", "realm_copy": "Galaxies and their neighbourhoods", "realm_accent": "#8da1ff", "realm_accent_2": "#d795ff", "domain": "Cosmic structure", "category": "Cosmic structure", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative group diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "cluster", "accent": "#8d9fff", "description": "A gravitational neighbourhood containing the Milky Way, Andromeda and dozens of smaller galaxies.", "fact": "Most members are dwarf galaxies.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 117, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/local-group-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/local-group-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/localgroup-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "localgroup", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Local Group", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/local-group.png" }, { "id": "virgo-cluster", "name": "Virgo Cluster", "short": "Virgo Cluster", "metres": 1.419e+23, "display": "≈15 million light-years", "exponent": 23.151982, "realm": "Cosmic", "realm_copy": "Clusters, filaments and the observable horizon", "realm_accent": "#9d72ff", "realm_accent_2": "#f0e7ff", "domain": "Cosmic structure", "category": "Cosmic structure", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "representative cluster diameter", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "cluster", "accent": "#9b8dff", "description": "The nearest major galaxy cluster, crowded with thousands of galaxies and hot intracluster gas.", "fact": "Its gravity influences the motion of nearby galaxy groups.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 118, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/virgo-cluster-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/virgo-cluster-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/virgo-cluster-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "virgo-rubin-2025", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Virgo_Cluster_taken_by_Vera_C._Rubin_(noirlab2521a).jpg", "image_provider": "NSF–DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory / NOIRLab", "image_credit": "RubinObs/NOIRLab/SLAC/NSF/DOE/AURA", "image_license": "CC BY 4.0", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Virgo Cluster", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/virgo-cluster.png" }, { "id": "laniakea", "name": "Laniakea Supercluster", "short": "Laniakea", "metres": 4.919e+24, "display": "≈520 million light-years", "exponent": 24.691877, "realm": "Cosmic", "realm_copy": "Clusters, filaments and the observable horizon", "realm_accent": "#9d72ff", "realm_accent_2": "#f0e7ff", "domain": "Cosmic structure", "category": "Cosmic structure", "measure_kind": "extent", "measure_label": "flow-defined supercluster span", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "cosmic-web", "accent": "#a073ff", "description": "A vast basin of galactic motion that includes the Milky Way and the Virgo Cluster.", "fact": "Its boundary is defined by how galaxies flow, not by a solid edge.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 119, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/laniakea-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/laniakea-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/laniakea-rescue-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "laniakea-nrao-flow-map", "image_source_page": "https://public.nrao.edu/news/supercluster-gbt/", "image_provider": "National Radio Astronomy Observatory", "image_credit": "SDvision interactive visualization software by DP at CEA/Saclay, France", "image_license": "Used with source credit; verify NRAO media terms before redistribution outside Vastoscope", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Laniakea Supercluster", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/laniakea.png" }, { "id": "sloan-great-wall", "name": "Sloan Great Wall", "short": "Sloan Great Wall", "metres": 1.3e+25, "display": "≈1.37 billion light-years", "exponent": 25.113943, "realm": "Cosmic", "realm_copy": "Clusters, filaments and the observable horizon", "realm_accent": "#9d72ff", "realm_accent_2": "#f0e7ff", "domain": "Cosmic structure", "category": "Cosmic structure", "measure_kind": "length", "measure_label": "representative filament length", "family": "region", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "cosmic-web", "accent": "#8b65f5", "description": "A colossal arrangement of galaxy clusters and filaments discovered in large redshift surveys.", "fact": "Its name describes a connected pattern, not a physical wall.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 120, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/sloan-great-wall-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/sloan-great-wall-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/sloan-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "sloan", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2dfdtfe.gif", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Sloan Great Wall", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/sloan-great-wall.png" }, { "id": "observable-universe", "name": "Observable Universe", "short": "Observable Universe", "metres": 8.8e+26, "display": "≈93 billion light-years", "exponent": 26.944483, "realm": "Cosmic", "realm_copy": "Clusters, filaments and the observable horizon", "realm_accent": "#9d72ff", "realm_accent_2": "#f0e7ff", "domain": "Cosmology", "category": "Cosmology", "measure_kind": "diameter", "measure_label": "present-day comoving diameter", "family": "limit", "certainty": "model-dependent", "shape": "universe", "accent": "#f0e7ff", "description": "The present-day diameter of the region whose light or descendants can in principle reach us.", "fact": "It is larger than 27.6 billion light-years because space expanded while the light travelled.", "source_label": "NASA Science", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/", "source_checked": "2026-07-25", "index": 121, "image_hero": "/assets/img/objects/observable-universe-hero.webp", "image_thumb": "/assets/img/objects/observable-universe-thumb.webp", "image_source": "/assets/img/media/processed/universe-scene.webp", "image_source_key": "universe", "image_source_page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png", "image_provider": "Wikimedia Commons", "image_credit": "Wikimedia Commons contributor — see source file", "image_license": "Free-license or public-domain media — exact terms on source file page", "image_alt": "Visual evidence plate for Observable Universe", "image_cutout": "/assets/img/cutouts/observable-universe.png" } ] }